Efficient GUI Agents: A Systems Survey

Authors/venue/date: Bizhe Bai and ten co-authors; accepted to an EMNLP 2026 workshop, current arXiv manuscript; 2 September 2026. The survey organises efficiency around observation, memory, action and runtime, highlighting selective reading, recoverable memory, verification-aware control and hybrid GUI/API execution. Limitations: survey synthesis, not a new independently tested system. Paper